{"id":1062,"date":"2022-04-12T16:11:15","date_gmt":"2022-04-12T13:11:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fiacoglobal.com\/?p=1062"},"modified":"2022-04-12T19:02:16","modified_gmt":"2022-04-12T16:02:16","slug":"calisma-hayatinda-is-kazalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.fiacoglobal.com.tr\/en\/calisma-hayatinda-is-kazalari\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ALI\u015eMA HAYATINDA \u0130\u015e KAZALARI"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz bilgi birikimi, teknolojisi vb. kavramlar\u0131n artmas\u0131 sonucu i\u015f hayat\u0131nda son zamanlarda s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bir durumdur. \u0130\u015f kazas\u0131 ve meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 da birbirine yak\u0131n kavramlar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bir durumdur.<\/p>

\u0130\u015f Kazas\u0131 ve Meslek Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nedir?<\/strong><\/h3>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u0130\u015f kazas\u0131, bir\u00e7ok k\u00fcresel kurum ve kurulu\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan birbirine yak\u0131n tan\u0131mlamalar kapsam\u0131na girse de k\u0131saca; bir i\u015f esnas\u0131nda, belirli bir yaralanma veya zarara yol a\u00e7an, \u00f6nceden planlanmam\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve baz\u0131 durumlarda \u00fcretime ara verilmesine, belirli bir zamana kadar durdurulmas\u0131na bile yol a\u00e7abilme kapasitesi bulunan ve hatta \u00f6l\u00fcme bile sebep olan olaylard\u0131r.<\/p>

Meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, Sigortal\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin niteli\u011finden dolay\u0131, tekrarlanan sebepler ile veya i\u015fin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcm \u015fartlar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, u\u011fram\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ge\u00e7ici veya s\u00fcrekli hastal\u0131k, bedensel veya ruhsal \u00f6z\u00fcr durumudur.<\/p>

\u0130ki kavram aras\u0131nda ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6n olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n genel olarak; i\u015f kazas\u0131nda beklenmeyen ve olu\u015fmas\u0131 tahmin edilemeyen durum s\u00f6z konusu olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tekrarlanan i\u015f sonucu gerekli tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 halinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme ihtimalinin tahmin edilebilme durumu s\u00f6z konusudur. Ayr\u0131ca i\u015f kazas\u0131nda tekrarlanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gerekli \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde bu durum tam tersi y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>

Bir Olay\u0131n \u0130\u015f Kazas\u0131n Say\u0131labilmesi Nelere Ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h3>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u0130lk olarak bir kazan\u0131n var olmas\u0131 gereklidir. \u0130kinci olarak kazaya u\u011frayan ki\u015finin 5510 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda i\u015fyerinin sigortal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olmak zorundad\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak ise i\u015f\u00e7inin bir zarara u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak; uygun bir illiyet (nedensellik) ba\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu illiyet ba\u011f\u0131 kendi i\u00e7inde de ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Birincisi; g\u00f6r\u00fclen i\u015f ile kaza aras\u0131nda uygun illiyet ba\u011f\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kincisi; kaza ile zarar aras\u0131nda uygun illiyet ba\u011f\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

5510 Say\u0131l\u0131 Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sigortas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 13. Maddesi uyar\u0131nca; sigortal\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fyerinde bulundu\u011fu s\u0131rada ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en b\u00fct\u00fcn olaylar i\u015f kazas\u0131 kabul edilmektedir. Yine ayn\u0131 kanunun 11. Maddesi uyar\u0131nca; sigortal\u0131n\u0131n, i\u015flerini yapt\u0131klar\u0131 yerler i\u015fyeri olarak say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rn; bir firman\u0131n muhasebe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n firma i\u00e7inde ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en olaylar i\u015f kazas\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131na 13. Madde uyar\u0131nca girmektedir. Ayn\u0131 muhasebeci, bankaya para \u00e7ekmeye ya da yat\u0131rmaya gitti\u011fi esnada ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bir trafik kazas\u0131 ise 11. Madde uyar\u0131nca i\u015f kazas\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131na girmektedir.<\/p>

\u0130\u015f Kazas\u0131 Neden Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kar?<\/strong><\/h3>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u0130\u015f kazas\u0131 analizi yap\u0131l\u0131rken 4 kavram \u00fczerinde durulur. Bunlar, \u0130nsan kaynakl\u0131 nedenler (psikolojik, fiziksel, i\u015fyeri vb.), makine kaynakl\u0131 nedenler (hatal\u0131 makine ve donan\u0131m, yetersiz kontrol ve bak\u0131m vb.), \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 nedenler (yetersiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bilgisi, uygun olmayan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma metodu vb.) ve y\u00f6netim kaynakl\u0131 nedenlerdir (yetersiz g\u00fcvenlik y\u00f6netim plan\u0131, e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim eksikli\u011fi vb.).<\/p>

\u0130\u015f Kazas\u0131 Maliyetleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h3>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u0130\u015f kazas\u0131 sonucu maliyetler \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131r; \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, i\u015fveren a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u00fclke ekonomisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan). \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan; gelirden yoksun kalma, evde bak\u0131ma muhta\u00e7 olma, moral kayb\u0131, uzuv kayb\u0131 vb. say\u0131labilir. \u0130\u015fveren a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise; eksik \u00fcretim, sosyal kay\u0131plar prestij kayb\u0131, tazminat \u00f6demesi kay\u0131plar\u0131, makine te\u00e7hizat kay\u0131plar vb. say\u0131labilir. \u00dclke ekonomisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; ara\u015ft\u0131rma, yasa olu\u015fturma vb. sebeplerden kamu harcamalar\u0131, SGK harcamalar\u0131, toplum maliyetleri olarak say\u0131labilir.<\/p>

\u0130\u015f Kazas\u0131 Ge\u00e7iren \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n Talep Edebilece\u011fi Tazminatlar Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h3>

\u00a0<\/p>

  • \u0130\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc Kayb\u0131 Tazminat\u0131; Sigortal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, ge\u00e7ici veya kal\u0131c\u0131 \u015fekilde i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kayb\u0131na u\u011frayabilir. Ge\u00e7ici i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc kayb\u0131na u\u011frayanlar\u0131n maddi kay\u0131plar\u0131 i\u015f g\u00f6remezlik \u00f6dene\u011finden<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. Kal\u0131c\u0131 i\u015f g\u00f6remezlik olabilmesi i\u00e7in i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn en az %10\u2019unu kaybetmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu durumda da SGK taraf\u0131ndan i\u015f g\u00f6remezlik \u00f6dene\u011fi ba\u011flan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kal\u0131c\u0131 i\u015f g\u00f6remezlik s\u00f6z konusu olursa, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f yerinden maddi-manevi tazminat talep edebilir.<\/li>
  • Destekten Yoksun Kalma Tazminat\u0131; \u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131 maalesef baz\u0131 durumlarda \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lanabilmektedir. Bu durumda i\u015f\u00e7inin yak\u0131nlar\u0131 bu tazminat\u0131 talep edebilirler. E\u015fi, 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck erkek \u00e7ocu\u011fu, 22 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu, annesi, babas\u0131 ve bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu kimseler (imam nikahl\u0131 e\u015fine bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc ise resmi nikah\u0131 olmasa da) talep edebilirler.<\/li>
  • Manevi Tazminat Davas\u0131: Sigortal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan veya yak\u0131n\u0131 u\u011frad\u0131 zarar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda manevi tazminat davas\u0131 (ya\u015f\u0131yorsa kendisi, vefat etmi\u015fse yak\u0131n\u0131) bu tazminat\u0131 talep ederek dava a\u00e7abilirler.<\/li><\/ul>

    Not: \u0130\u015f Kazas\u0131 sonucunda a\u00e7\u0131lacak olan davalarda kaza tarihi itibari ile 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k<\/strong> zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>

    \u0130\u015f Kazas\u0131n\u0131n Hukuki Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h3>

    \u00a0<\/p>

    Ceza hukuku a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan;<\/strong><\/p>

    Bu hukuk dal\u0131 i\u015f kazas\u0131n\u0131n taksirle veya kusurla \u00f6l\u00fcme veya yaralanmaya sebebiyet verilip verilmedi\u011fini konu al\u0131r. E\u011fer yaralanma s\u00f6z konusu ise 3 ay-1 y\u0131l<\/strong> aras\u0131nda ceza uygulan\u0131r. Bir \u00f6l\u00fcm s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu durumda ise 2-6 y\u0131l<\/strong> ceza uygulan\u0131r. Birden fazla \u00f6l\u00fcm s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda ise 2-15 y\u0131l<\/strong> ceza uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

    Bor\u00e7lar kanunu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan;<\/strong><\/p>

    Bu hukuk dal\u0131 i\u015f kazas\u0131n\u0131 maddi ve manevi zarar g\u00f6rme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan konu edinir. E\u011fer maddi ve manevi zarar g\u00f6rme durumu varsa sigortal\u0131 tazminat davalar\u0131 a\u00e7arak zarar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilir.<\/p>

    \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi hukuku a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan; <\/strong><\/p>

    Bu hukuk dal\u0131, i\u015fyerine kusurlu hallerinden dolay\u0131 kaza sonras\u0131nda idari para cezalar\u0131n\u0131 kesmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan i\u015f kazas\u0131n\u0131 konu edinir.<\/p>

    Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Kanunu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, <\/strong><\/p>

    Bu hukuk dal\u0131, i\u015f kazas\u0131 sonucunda, SGK taraf\u0131ndan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015filere yap\u0131lan \u00f6demelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini konu edinir.<\/p>

    Bir i\u015f kazas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde bildirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken yerler nereleridir?<\/strong><\/p>

    5510 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 13. Maddesi uyar\u0131nca; \u0130\u015f kazas\u0131, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi g\u00fcnden sonra 3 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde<\/strong> \u2018\u0130\u015f Kazas\u0131 ve Meslek Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bildirgesi\u2019 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunduklar\u0131 SGK m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine<\/strong> bildirilmesi gerekmektedir. SGK taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan 2008\/108 say\u0131l\u0131 genelge kapsam\u0131nda dilek\u00e7e ile bildirimin de kabul edilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

    4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanununun 77. Maddesine g\u00f6re; i\u015fyeri, i\u015f kazas\u0131 olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda, kazan\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi g\u00fcnden sonraki 2 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde B\u00f6lge \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine<\/strong> bildirim yapmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

    \u00c7o\u011fu zaman SGK bildirimi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda B\u00f6lge \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine yap\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 alg\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. Fakat bu alg\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her ikisi farkl\u0131 kanun ile yetkilendirilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile her ikisine de bildirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur. <\/strong><\/p>

    Kaza ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi anda kolluk kuvvetlerine (jandarma, polis) haber verilmesi gerekmektedir<\/strong>.<\/p>

    T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130\u015f Kazas\u0131 \u0130statistikleri<\/strong><\/p>

    T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda 98.318 i\u015f kazas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f ve 1473 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ortalama ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen i\u015f kazas\u0131 70.000-100.000 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015firken, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda 191.389 kaza meydana gelmi\u015ftir. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131 ise 1.360 olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu rakam 286.068 kaza, 1.405 \u00f6l\u00fcm olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 1.923 ki\u015fi i\u015f kazas\u0131 sonucu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz bilgi birikimi, teknolojisi vb. kavramlar\u0131n artmas\u0131 sonucu i\u015f hayat\u0131nda son zamanlarda s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bir durumdur. \u0130\u015f kazas\u0131 ve meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 da birbirine yak\u0131n kavramlar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bir durumdur. \u0130\u015f Kazas\u0131 ve Meslek Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nedir? \u00a0 \u0130\u015f kazas\u0131, bir\u00e7ok k\u00fcresel kurum ve…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fiaco-global"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.fiacoglobal.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1062","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.fiacoglobal.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.fiacoglobal.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.fiacoglobal.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.fiacoglobal.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1062"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/test.fiacoglobal.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1062\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.fiacoglobal.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1062"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.fiacoglobal.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1062"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.fiacoglobal.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1062"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}